Professor CHEN Guanzhong started his presentation with a brief introduction to his studies. And the choice of this topic was three-fold:1. the technological singularity; 2. the economic singularity; and 3. the institutional singularity. As a scientific phrase, Professor CHEN thought it transcends the domain of physics or mathematics. In natural science, singularity means a turning point where artificial intelligence is inevitably superior than human intelligence; as for economic singularity, Professor CHEN meant the point that leads to an era where smart machines replace human labour and structural unemployment is unavoidable; and the institutional singularity refers to the institutional transition that is created in the global background in order to solve this structural unemployment and other social issues.

In the comments, Professor DING Xiaoliang thought the design of institutions should take into consideration the malevolence of human nature;

Professor ZHOU Lian thought the biggest issue with welfare state is that it failed to provide the social foundation for human dignity, which led to the decrease of productivity; Mr. WU Si thought the essence of singularity was that it transcended the cognition and understanding of human beings of this phase; Professor SHENG Hong referred to Hayek’s ideas and stressed the importance of decentralised decision-making mechanism. He also warned against central planning.